Supporting Working Memory in Dementia Care

Working memory is the brain’s ability to hold and manipulate information while performing tasks. It allows people to draw on past experiences, apply knowledge to the present, and plan for the future. Supporting working memory in dementia care helps maintain independence, confidence, and engagement in daily life. 

What Is Working Memory? 

Working memory involves temporarily storing information while using it to complete a task. For someone living with dementia, it enables:

• Remembering and using information relevant to the task at hand.

• Following instructions given by a caregiver.

• Completing routines with minimal prompts.

• Carrying out simple errands independently.

At the brain level, working memory relies heavily on the prefrontal cortex, which coordinates attention, planning, and decision-making, while also connecting with the hippocampus to access stored memories.

Practical Strategies to Support Working Memory 

Simplify instructions – give one step at a time to reduce cognitive load.

Use visual cues – signs, pictures, or checklists can help prompt memory.

Repetition and routine – consistent practice strengthens neural pathways and helps retention.

Engage in meaningful tasks – activities like folding laundry, making tea, or following a recipe can exercise working memory in practical ways.

Encourage verbalization – having the person repeat steps aloud can reinforce memory and understanding.

Why Working Memory Matters 

Strong working memory supports independence and confidence. It allows individuals to complete everyday tasks, follow conversations, and feel in control of their environment. Stimulating working memory can also improve other cognitive functions, including attention, reasoning, and problem-solving.